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Duct split is one of the common HVAC systems for residential and office buildings, which consists of two separate units:
Outdoor unit (condensing unit including compressor and condenser) which is installed in open space outside the building.
Indoor unit (air conditioner) which is installed inside the building and in the false ceiling space.
How the duct split works
Duct split also uses compression refrigeration cycle. The condensate resulting from condensation in the outdoor unit enters the indoor unit through the copper pipeline and enters the DX cooling coil after passing through the expansion valve. On the other hand, the fresh air flow to the indoor unit, after being filtered, passes through the coil and after the temperature decreases, it is distributed through the ducted path to other rooms or spaces.
However, there are two defined ways to provide the hot air needed by Duct Split:
Use of hot water coil: By predicting a heating coil behind the indoor unit and by passing the hot water boiler through it, the necessary hot air flow can be provided to heat the building, and this is in a situation where only the indoor unit fans are on. And the outdoor unit, including the compressor and condenser fans, is completely off.
Refrigeration cycle reversal: By reversing the direction of refrigerant flow in the duct split operating cycle, such as a heat pump (similar to the heating method in a gas cooler), the hot steam flow from the compressor can enter the evaporator instead of passing through the condenser. ) To increase the temperature of the air passing through the coil.
Duct splits are produced in different types. A general category of cargo of these products is as follows:
In the typical type, the compressor turns off after the room temperature reaches the set point (Set Point) by the room thermostat, and turns on again when the room air heats up.
In the case of the inverter type, the compressor does not turn off, but the distance around it is minimized until the room temperature rises. For this reason, the number of times the compressor is turned on and off is much less, which in addition to reducing power consumption, leads to an increase in the life of the compressor and reduces the noise of the external unit. For this reason, inverter duct splits are sold at a higher price in the market.
One of the toughest competitors is the duct split system, the mini chiller system and the fan coil. In this system, each fan coil can be adjusted separately in terms of operating temperature. Each room and hall uses a fan coil that flows cold water in summer and hot water in winter, and this system comes with a package or boiler (like the duct split system that connects to the boiler or package hot water for heating. Becomes a complete independent cooling and heating system.
In the system of mini chiller and fan coils, if you do not need to use one or more fan coils, they can be turned off and save energy. Also in this system, due to the small size of the fan used in the fan coils of each room, its operating sound will be as low as possible. Mini chiller is installed outside the building (in open space, for example on the roof, terrace or yard) and is connected to the fan coils with simple water piping, and there is no limit on the maximum distance between it and the fan coils.
Choosing the most appropriate HVAC system always requires a thorough understanding of how all existing systems work and their features. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of duct split can be evaluated in comparison with other similar systems (gas cooler / VRF / combination of mini-chiller and fan coil / combination of central chiller and fan coil) in the following order:
Unlike the VRF system, as well as the combination of central chiller and fan coil, the duct split creates an independent cooling and heating system for each building unit. he does.
Duct split heating (in case of using hot water coil) has a better quality compared to gas cooler and also VRF system, and due to the consumption of city gas instead of electricity, which is more expensive in Iran, energy costs are reduced. have given.
In addition, compared to the radiator, the heating efficiency of duct split is much higher; Because the heating through the radiator is gradual and of the type of natural convection heat transfer, but in duct split, the heat transfer is in the form of forced convection.
Due to the possibility of using fresh air in the duct split, the conditions for ventilation and creating positive pressure inside the building will be provided.
If duct split is used, it is not possible to control the temperature independently in different rooms or spaces; Because all spaces are fed by the output air of a common unit. Therefore, different temperatures cannot be achieved in every room or space. In other systems, such as air conditioners, VRFs and fan coils, it is possible to control each space according to the use and needs of the people living in that space. Of course, with the help of VAV system (using motorized dampers) by changing the volume of air entering each space, a separate temperature control can be applied. However, in this case, the cost of the system does not seem to be very affordable.
In buildings that have a significant area, using only one indoor unit will not meet the needs of the building, and this is in the situation that with the addition of the second unit, another outdoor unit must be installed. Due to the fact that the maximum distance between the indoor and outdoor unit (due to preventing high pressure drop of refrigerant flow and reducing the efficiency of the device) must be observed, predict another outdoor unit at a suitable distance, outside the building in Often not enough, there are limitations to implementing such a system in large buildings. It can also create a bad appearance for the building.
While in central systems such as the combination of chiller and fan coil, there is no such restriction. Of course, such a problem is more in case of using splits. Unless the number of building units and their area is very large.
Installation of duct split is done from the outlet of the air conditioner or the indoor unit in the false ceiling of the ductwork and a valve is installed in any part that is needed and it is taken out according to each season of cold or hot air. To produce hot air, a coil Hot water is placed in front of the device or behind the device. A hot water coil, which is a 2-row or 3-row spiral copper coil, hot water enters it and the same fan-making fan passes the air over it this time, takes the water heat and turns it into hot air. And sends it to the required spaces.
Heat generation can be increased by reversing the refrigeration cycle. And brings the environment to a uniform temperature faster. The best place for the suction valve is 70 cm to one meter from the ground.
Duct split power consumption according to the points provided and mentioning that this air conditioner has two types of simple and inverter to single-phase power consumption in low capacities and three-phase electricity as the amount of duct split power consumption in capacities Is larger. For example, a real 24,000 air conditioner has 13 amps of duct split power consumption, which capacity will be 13 amps of duct split power consumption. In fact, in the initial stage of ventilation work by Duct Split, by reducing the power of the selected air conditioner, it reduces energy consumption and power consumption of Duct Split due to smaller device, and in the second stage, reduces the number of outdoor units and thus reduces starters and steps. It will reduce the power consumption of Duct Split.
For example, for a two-bedroom unit in the city of Tehran with an area of about 100 meters, two duct split 9000 devices should be considered for bedrooms and also a 24000 device for living space. This is while if we consider a duct split 36000 device for this residential unit, it will need less cooling due to space overlap, and as a result, duct split power consumption will be less. In fact, if we want to divide duct splits in terms of power consumption of duct split, they can be placed in two categories of non-inverter duct power consumption and duct split inverter power consumption.
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